![]() ![]() That's because TRPV1 receptors - proteins on nerve endings that detect heat - are activated by capsaicin, and erroneously interpret capsaicin as a signal of extreme heat, Live Science reported previously. The immune system can go into overdrive if the capsaicin is too concentrated. ![]() The man vomited so violently, he ruptured his esophagus and needed medical attention, Live Science reported. In some cases, people vomit up the pepper, as did one 47-year-old man in California who ate a burger topped with ghost pepper puree, according to a 2016 case report in the Journal of Emergency Medicine. Rather, their capsaicin permeates the blisters and continues to activate receptors on the nerve endings underneath them, which can lead to a painful burning sensation lasting at least 20 minutes, Bosland said. Some peppers, such as Dragon's Breath, are so hot, that blistering alone would not contain the heat. "The body is sensing a burn, and it's sacrificing the top layer of cells to say, 'OK, they're going to die now to prevent letting the heat get farther into the body,'" Bosland said. These blisters can help absorb the capsaicin's heat. When these extreme examples are eaten, the body inflates liquid-filled "balloons," or blisters, in areas exposed to the concentrated capsaicin, including the mouth and (if swallowed) the throat, Bosland said. However, unusually hot peppers go beyond numbing the mouth. "What's happening is that your receptors in your mouth are sending a signal to your brain that there's pain, and it's in the form of hotness or heat, and so your brain produces endorphins to block that pain," Bosland told Live Science previously. When a daredevil, such as Smith, eats an exceptionally spicy pepper, the first sensation is usually mouth numbness, according to Paul Bosland, professor of horticulture at New Mexico State University and director of the Chile Pepper Institute. (Image credit: julie deshaies/Shutterstock) Spicy havoc The Carolina Reaper was the previous record holder for hottest pepper. ![]()
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